2022 Iditarod Trail Invitational: A Ski Racers Perspective
This was my 2nd ITI, the first being in 2018. I italicized “Racers” in the title because that’s my background in skiing. I was racing before I was touring. Meaning I know how to go fast, want to go fast, and get easily frustrated when there are obstacles out of my control that prevent me from reaching my expectations of myself. Having followed the ITI for over a decade I classify skiers in the event into two categories: racers and adventurers. No one category of people are better equipped than the other to be successful in this event, they just approach it differently and therefore have different challenges. In general, racers come from a background of technique, aerobic capacity, and speed, while adventurers tend to be more versed in wilderness experience, survival, and long-term stamina. You’ve got to have all of these skills and abilities for the ITI but the participants background will determine how they approach it, and these two different approaches will result in different perspectives on the same experience.
I thrive on “racing”- I like to go fast, keep my mind and body busy modifying ski technique over the ever-changing trail surface, and even monitor my progress on an excel spreadsheet of anticipated speeds and times between checkpoints. I do a lot of math in my head figuring out where I’m at, how fast I’m going, and how long it’ll take to get places so I can plan out my food and hydration while plugging along. I have no problem skiing through the night, but I know my limit is about an hour or two into the second night before I’m trashed. I don’t sweat much which is good for winter sports and also for reducing water consumption. However, I don’t do well with stillness. My recent EKG(ECG) had my resting heart rate at 46, and combine that with Reynaud’s (shunting blood flow to my hands, toes, and heels when they experience cold) means that I can’t stop for long in the cold before I lose the ability to work with my hands and if my feet get cold it’s a game-over situation. I’ve also got a couple of herniated discs in my low back that, if I don’t monitor and move consciously, may flare up and incapacitate my ability to ski or walk. We all have our strengths and, for lack of a better word, “weaknesses”, but it’s knowing what they are and how to prevent or overcome them that gives everyone out on the ITI the ability to finish or at least know when to quit.
My primary strength is experience I suppose. I spend a lot of time skiing snowmachine trails, and if you’re an avid cross-country skier who’s never left the paradise of smooth, groomed trail systems you’re probably wondering why the average moving speed of ITI skiers is less than 4 miles per hour. Snowmachine trails are lumpy, bumpy, grooved, chunky, icy, and inconsistent. It’s an awkward dance over snow and you’re the only one who can hear the music. Music without rhythm. It’s not graceful to the untrained eye. Every moment is spent planning the next step while gliding over the next lump, hump, or ski-catching groove across the trail. The downhills are daunting. Skiing offers no ability to brake or check your speed as the trails are too narrow to snow-plow. Your only options are to take your skis off and walk in plastic boots or take the risk, point your skis downhill and hope for the best. Falling in snow isn’t what worries me in the ITI, it’s the risk associated with breaking the gear I’m relying on to get me through. A broken ski, pole, sled, or water bladder could easily turn into a life and safety concern, and at the very least slow speeds down to a crawl.
My 2022 Course Recap
Knik to Checkpoint 1: Delyndia Lake (aka Butterfly Lake for those who don’t subscribe to USGS or local government issued maps, as the official Butterfly Lake is actually one lake to the east)
The addition of a checkpoint at Delyndia Lake introduced a whole new variable to the event- trail navigation! The majority of the Iditarod Trail is straight forward- there’s only one trail and it only goes to one place so all you’ve got to do is stay on the trail and you’ll get there. Travelling to Delyndia Lake means connecting through the Big lake Trails, Willow Trails, and local use trails and trying to figure out which one of 100 possibilities will be the best one. It’s a gamble since there’s no way to know ahead of time what every trail in the area is going to be like. 2022 introduced a couple feet of heavy, wet “concrete” snow the week before the race, flooding the ice road on Big Lake and creating dangerous overflow conditions across all the lakes and swamps in the area. This left very few of the trails in the area broken in and traversable without a machine. I checked out Big Lake on my way to the race start and found the flooded ice road completely frozen over with smooth ice, and a well-packed snowmachine trail alongside it. If I could get to Big Lake I could shave a few miles off the start. But this meant I would have to break trail for a couple of miles and walk down a graveled road for another couple of miles. Not interested in walking, I planned on staying on the Iditarod Trail and go around Big Lake.
With temps in the 40s at the start, I threw some spray-on grip spray on my classic skis for the wet and soft yet icy conditions. The first few miles are uphill with narrow trails so skating isn’t really an option. I took my time at the start getting across Knik Lake and found myself near the back of the pack of skiers. I learned in 2018 not to go out too hard and get sweaty the first day. Just after sunset I’d be dropping onto the Susitna River where the temperature can drop 10 degrees (F) or more in just a minute. Using waxable classic skis, I quickly found myself on the tails of the skiers using the newer skin skis (classic skis with directional “skins” underfoot for grip). Wet snow is tricky to wax for, and combined with the chunky icy conditions of the trail my kick wax wore off in a matter of minutes. The tradeoff here was excellent ski glide but no grip underfoot. Every uphill was a bit of a struggle but I easily slid by the rest of the skiers on the flats. When I got to the Aurora Dog Mushing Trails, which I had previously noted were untouched after the last snowstorm, I noticed that someone had taken a snowmachine on it. Great! Now I could take the shortcut to Big Lake! I turned north and was relishing in the thought of an easy day for about a quarter mile. Having just passed the last skier before turning onto the mushing trail, I didn’t want to turn around and admit I took a wrong turn. So I decided to break trail through a foot of icy crust-covered snow for the next 2 miles… and soak myself in the sunny 45 degree heat. But it was only 2 miles, then 2 miles of walking on the graveled icy road to Big Lake.
When I got to Big Lake, I found the ice road and got on the glassy smooth ice and double-poled my way across at about 15 mph until I got to the main drag of the ice road. Residents had been driving through the foot deep overflow, breaking the surface ice and creating what can only be described as frozen chunky salsa. No worries- there was a glorious snowmachine highway created on the snow surface alongside the ice road! Firm, smooth, and just a lip of softness to give my skis an edge. A quick switch to skate-skis and I’m off across the lake! Just a couple of open water areas (from the lake residents unsuccessfully trying to drive to the ice road) to navigate around and I’m on the familiar territory of the Susitna 100 course. There’s probably a hundred ways to Delyndia Lake but being familiar with the trails and their typical usage, I have no need for a map and quickly get to Delyndia Lake. There are two access points on the southern side of the lake, and the checkpoint at the second one. The overland trail between these points has a significantly steep hill, walking for both skiers and bikers. Knowing this, when I got to the first access point I quickly hopped onto the lake to see if the “crust” had set up firm enough to ski on. Sure enough it had! I decided to crust ski around the peninsula separating me from the checkpoint. It’s a touch longer than the overland route but it’s smooth, flat, and firm! My only concern was if the crust was solid the whole way or if I’d find myself breaking through into the dreaded overflow halfway across. As I rounded the peninsula, I saw the first checkpoint and bee-lined it across the lake to the cabin. No trail necessary! I thoroughly enjoyed it as much as I could, knowing the trails that lie ahead wouldn’t be nearly as accommodating.
Checkpoint 1: There’s food, water, a fire, and a warming hut for the racers. I ate my pre-made wrap for dinner, refilled my water, and grabbed a cookie before getting right back on the trail. It was still fairly warm but I was sweaty and couldn’t afford to start cooling off. The sun was just starting to set as I departed, 7PM.
Delyndia Lake to Checkpoint 2: Yentna Station
Departing Delyndia Lake, the trail the bikers were all using was mush. My skis were sinking into the point I couldn’t see them and the bikers were all pushing. It was too warm for the snow to set up. I didn’t envy the bikers at this point but knew it would only be a matter of time until the tables would turn. Ski on. The only sure route to the Susitna River at this point was the Iron Dog route, which would take us a few miles south of the shortest route but would be faster than breaking trail for 7 miles. Using the marathon skate technique on my skate-skis I was able to get to the Susitna River fairly quickly, keeping pace with the bikers. Once on the Susitna River, the trail changes dramatically. It was narrow, icy, and full of frozen overflow. I switched back to classic and plodded along waiting for the intersection with the main highway of a trail up the Yentna River. At the Yentna River I was back at skating, with a tailwind(!), and did a little leap-frogging with some bikers. 15 miles of easy-peasy skating to Yentna Station and it was time for a break, 1:22AM and 53 miles completed.
Yentna Station: It’s a well-marked and easy to find landmark along the Yentna River. There’s a main log lodge with food available for purchase and even bunks to rent for rest. I pack real food for the first day so I hung up my wet clothing to dry above the wood stove and ate my second wrap while I dried out and relaxed on a well-used couch. Taking my first real break, I reviewed my status, replenished my fanny-pack with snacks from my sled, refilled water, and tended to the quarter-sized blister on my palm. DOH! Not a blister only 50 mile in!!! I was prepared with a blister kit just in case, but opted to try out one of the woolen bandages that were handed out as sign-in swag. (The wool-aid bandage not only held up until McGrath, but my blister actually healed and went away by the time I finished!) After resting and taking 2 hours for personal maintenance, I headed back onto the river at 3:20AM Monday morning. Sleep would come in another 18 or so hours.
Yentna Station to Checkpoint 3: Skwentna Roadhouse
Temperatures are always dramatic on the river, and our 45F temps of Sunday afternoon turned to -9F by 5AM on the Yentna. At these temps on the river I opt to classic ski instead of fighting the friction of the cold snow. By 9Am it warmed up into the single digits again and I was back to skating. Pretty uneventful as I only encountered a handful of cyclists passing me by. Skiing the sunrise is a pretty magical thing, as the tiredness that comes from the cold dark night slowly transforms into a golden and glistening landscape. Ski on. Right before Skwentna I encountered the first (and only) significant overflow. I watched some bikers post-hole to get around it, but being on skis and pulling a sled I was able to skim across the edge of it without getting wet. Arriving at the roadhouse at 11AM, 82 miles in, I was right on time for a large helping of lasagna and some hot coffee.
Skwentna Roadhouse: A large dining area, with rooms available and showers and towels. Definitely one of the best places to stop and rest- but if you plan on sleeping you have to get a room, no napping in the main area. Coffee and cold water were free, but hot water you had to pay for. After some personal care and gear organizing, I was prepared for the next stretch to Finger Lake. I would blow by Shell Lake to save time and get to the Finger Lake checkpoint before sleep deprivation could take it’s toll (lesson learned from 2018 was as soon as it gets dark on night 2 of no sleep it’s almost impossible to stay awake even when moving). Depart Skwentna Roadhouse 12:45 PM Monday afternoon.
Skwentna Roadhouse to Checkpoint 4: Finger Lake
It’s warm and sunny, and a flat trail to the base of the hill leading up to Finger Lake. At the base of the hill I switch to my classic skis with kicker skins and essentially walk up until it levels out, then remove the kicker skins and enjoy the rolling hills leading to Shell Lake. I cross shell lake, stop next to the lodge (a nice large cabin with decent burgers) and switch to skate skis. The rest of the way to Finger Lake from Shell Lake is mild terrain crossing swamps and stands of trees, but the bike ruts tell a story of soft trails and even my skis punch through quite a bit. I know at this point that by continuing past Shell Lake Lodge that I should arrive to Finger Lake around 9PM, just after dark and tired enough to sleep well in a crammed wall tent. As expected, I arrive at 9:23PM Monday, 118 mile in, and the tent is already full of bikers but I manage to squeeze in. After 31 hours of skiing, a quick burrito and some fluids and I pass out quickly.
Finger Lake: There’s an uppity lodge this checkpoint utilizes but participants aren’t allowed to go there, as the guests aren’t there for us. And based on the smell of the many underlayers drying by the wood stove in the wall tent, I wouldn’t want us in there either! The food provided though was great, and pooping in a 5-gallon bucket in the snow was a much welcomed amenity. This is the first of two drop-bags that racers can send out for themselves. Batteries, handwarmers, and food only. As we never know what the conditions will be like, everyone sends out more than they need and a LOT of stuff gets left behind. I just grabbed my whole bag, grabbed some goodies for my fanny pack and threw the rest in my sled. After a solid 6 hours of sleep, with an hour or so on each end of that taking care of gear and myself, and by 6:11 AM I’m off again, on the trail to Puntilla Lake (Rainy Pass Lodge).
Finger Lake to Checkpoint 5: Puntilla Lake
This was my second year so I generally have an idea of the terrain and which ski setup to utilize between checkpoints. The terrain between Finger Lake and Puntilla Lake, however, is a struggle. It’s got some wicked steep sections, mild hills, and flats. I can’t make up my mind and whatever type of skis I’ve got on always seem like the wrong ones. “This would be faster on skate skis…” or “This would be easier on classic skis…” Eventually I just give up and stick to what I’ve got on and figure that keeping moving is faster than switching gear. With good snow, a lot of it could be skated. This year, the icy crust on everything made for fairly fast conditions but left no control with skate skis. Just keeping the ski going straight was nearly impossible so metal-edged classic skis provided the least amount of struggle with the lumpy ice balls.
About 5 miles out I started feeling ‘pangs’ in my low back. I stopped and contemplated turning around and calling it quits at Finger Lake. There was plenty of tough terrain ahead and I was having concerns about my herniated disc flaring up and losing mobility in my legs. At this time a biker was backtracking heading my way. After a quick chat he was gone. Here’s where things get tricky… there’s now an ice road alongside the Iditarod Trail, and it veers in and out of sight. The cyclist informed me it bypassed the dreaded Happy River Steps and that it was “fantastic”. I swapped out for skate skis and dangerously blew down the ice road. Skis chattering underfoot on the ice-chunk surface, clenching for dear life. The road had been groomed last when the snow was still warm and wet, leaving it a chunky, icy mess for skis. (But I’m sure it was fantastic for biking!) Skating was a change in movement that seemed to free up whatever was nagging at my back, because I never had another hint of an issue the rest of the trip. I did bypass the Happy River Steps and after crossing Happy River, I packed my skateskis on my sled and began the steep trudge back up from the riverbed to the narrow, wooded trail that lay ahead. After Happy River there are a lot of hills, and the trail is for the most part narrow and wooded. Too narrow to slow yourself down while on skis, especially this year with the chunky crust of a surface we had to work with. The ice road did meet up with the trail again and again, and it might have been faster but without knowing the actual alignment I didn’t’ want to end up going the wrong way and just stuck with what I knew. Enter sled break number one. On a twisty, narrow downhill my sled rolled on one of the corners and snapped the homemade joint that attached the pole to the sled union. I did intentionally create this weak point at the end of the pole, as a break higher up on the pole could render it useless. The downside was that it wasn’t a simple part switch. In order to use my spare part, I had to drill out the rivet with my leatherman, create 2 new matching holes in the spare part, and get a spare pin to line up and fit through both parts. About 15 minutes after the break, as I was just starting to pack back up, a friendly biker from Canada caught me and offered some help. I sent him on his way, swung my hands around to warm them back up (so glad it was only 25F out!), and continued on. I was still making good time and would reach Puntilla (aka Rainy Pass Lodge) before nightfall.
Puntilla: There’s a new bunkhouse for racers! A lot of bunks, hot water, snacks, woodstove and ropes to hang wet gear on. This is where I started noticing a disadvantage to skiing. By the time I would get to a checkpoint I would be at the tail end of the biggest mass of cyclists. Meaning I had to get creative in making room for myself to sleep, or in this case take one of the upper bunks. I ate some food, set out gear to dry, and did some organizing before laying down to get a good rest. My plan was to get fully rested and blow through the Rohn checkpoint (Rohn only has a small wall-tent that’s not warm enough to dry anything, and it’s the last checkpoint before the longest stretch of trail so it fills up quick). I was hoping for 8 hours of sleep, but every cyclist that came in after mee seemed to think it was cold (because they were wearing wet clothing) and kept the woodstove stoked. After 2 hours I was laying in my underwear, sweating, and unable to sleep. After struggling for another hour I gave up, got dressed and left for Rohn shortly after the Canadian cyclist. Even if we weren’t traveling together, there’s comfort in knowing there’s someone else doing the same thing as you out there.
Puntilla Lake to Checkpoint 6: Rohn
By Puntilla the snow had lost its icy crust and was a mix of fresh and wind-blown slab. PERFECT for classic skiing! I threw some kick wax on and was keeping pace with the Canadian cyclist as he mixed up riding and walking on the uphills. It was dark, not too windy, and visible skies. So much better than the 2018 ground blizzard with 10 foot visibility! All the way up to Rainy Pass is probably the best skiing I’ve had on this trail- or best snow at least. Pretty uneventful other than scaring up some ptarmigan (rather they scared the snot out of me!). At the pass I took the token photo of the sign, and cautiously started navigating down towards Dalzell Gorge. At first it’s alpine, low-grade point your skis and go with a little speed control here and there. Then all at once you drop into a small valley that slowly gets brushier, twistier, and even might traverse some avalance debris. A tight trail, complete with collapsing snow bridges and stream crossings leads you down to the river. Upon reaching the river, the sigh of relief from making it down the gorge intact is quickly vanquished by the realization that you’re not in Rohn yet… just a few more miles across the ice though.
Rohn: This checkpoint is a wall tent with a wood stove and grill. Two sausages and a can of soup are offered, and half of the tent is spruce boughs to sleep on. Maybe 5-6 people can sleep at once but it gets tight really quick. Don’t plan on getting good rest or drying any gear out. I opted for the quick meal, taking care of personal matters and getting out of there. No need to hang around shivering. The only trouble is that it’s another ~70 miles to the next checkpoint and no sleep between Puntilla and Nikolai is a really tough thought, let alone accomplishment.
Rohn to Checkpoint 7: Nikolai

With the mild temps I decided not to fill my second water bladder and counted on getting water at Sullivan Creek. I was warned that the trail was all moguls due to the Iron Dog race happening during warm temperatures the week prior- this turned out to be true. Anyway, I left Rohn and started across the Kuskokwim River to the trail. It’s not uncommon for there to be overflow and/or open water along this stretch. Just before getting off the riverbed and onto the trail, I gingerly skied across the breaking ice of the last overflow, and luckily it was just more ice underneath. (I later learned that I missed the next bout of overflow by about an hour or so- where there’s video of a biker wading through waist-deep water.) I got onto the trail and yes, it was nothing but undulating moguls dug in and out from the snowmachine tread between the snowmachine ski tracks. The trail quickly turns into a steep hill one can only walk up, and this is where the trail rises above the river and from my experience gets you up and out of the cold sinkhole of Rohn. (I’d rather bivy here than at the checkpoint if I had to.) Once at the top of the hill things leveled out and the moguls disappeared- but not for a good reason. The snowpack quickly diminished and soon turned into intermittent white-ice on the trail and then disappeared for good. I intentionally drag my backpack on a sled so I can carry it if I have to, but I despise having things on my back in the winter- both due to the sweaty mess it makes your back but also dealing with hydration becomes more complicated. Hoping the dirt wouldn’t last too long I chose to drag my sled across the dirt and gravel. It was maybe 10 miles until the white ice re-appeared on the trail, maybe 1-2 feet wide, but it was enough to strap the skis on and try to thread the needles of ice path together to stay off the barren dirt sides of the trail. Slowly but surely things turned back into the icy crust that was at least white, and once I took the turn at Farewell Lake the moguls began again. And again. And again…. if you get the point. 😉 It was mid-afternoon by the time I made it to Farewell Lake and the sun was beginning to set. From Farewell Lake to the Bear Creek Cabin there are a lot of small, semi-steep hills. Combine this with snowmachine track-width white-ice moguls and things get a bit dicy. The only skiing to be had was double-poling up and down each mogul, including up hills and no ability for speed control on the downhills. As night approached, I started feeling unsafe with the conditions. Not only did the trail limit skiing, but occasionally the 3-foot deep ruts would get narrow enough to catch my sled and yank me to an abrupt stop. Eventually the force of my momentum proved too much and broke my sled connection at my hip-belt. I did manage to find the broken pieces that were flung off to the side of the trail, and was able to piece them back together and secure them with a hose clamp. After 18 hours since leaving Puntilla without rest, combined with the treacherous conditions with falls and broken gear, I decided to get a quick nap on the side of the trail in the trees to get refreshed 10 miles before the Bear Creek Cabin (about 9PM). Just a quick nap on a z-rest with a sleeping bag tossed over me I got about an hour of sleep and was back on the trail. After passing the Bear Creek Cabin, and being exhausted from all the double-poling up and over each mogul, I stopped again for a quick 1-hour shiver-bivy at 3 AM- only 12 miles from my last nap. This is where the race gets real! Someone on a snowmachine had used the Bear Creek Cabin after the Iron Dog, and their sled had smoothed out most of the rutted moguls between Bear Creek and Nikolai. This meant that I should have a better time of things at least. After my second quick nap, I continued on (still double-poling with the narrow trail) until Sullivan Creek (which never freezes over). The bucket on a string wasn’t there this year so I had to post-hole down to the creek and carefully fill my water without stepping or sliding into the water. There are a couple of other streams near Sullivan Creek that also seem to rarely freeze. They’re small but still too wide to step across, so they did take some time to unhook from the sled, slip trash bags over my boots and carry my gear across for each crossing. Not terrible but definitely cumbersome and time-consuming. Biking across these would be a non-issue. Daylight was coming as I approached the Salmon River turn at the fish camp, and by that time I was feeling pretty worked and exhausted from making the push from Puntilla over two nights and difficult & slow conditions. The 11 miles from the fish camp turn to Nikolai are fairly inconsequential other than the trail markers are off by about a mile or so, and do really seem to drag on for longer than they should. I was able to mostly marathon-skate into Nikolai, arriving by noon on Thursday.
Nikolai: They say “look for the square building”. Well, EVERY house and building is square and there are fat-tire bike tracks everywhere. And no sign on the checkpoint building. But someone from Nikolai always seems to be outside to point me in the right direction like I’m lost (which seems silly given how small it is, but after being on the trail for so long every extra unnecessary step is one step too many). The checkpoint building is 2-story, tan, and yes, square. Inside there’s snacks, burgers, etc. Even room to dry out gear and set up your sleeping pad to catch some sleep. Here’s where I made a strategy mistake… for some reason, while out on the trail, I had gotten it in my head that Jim Jager’s record from 2002 was 4 days, 20 hours. Arriving in Nikolai at 3 days, 22 hours gave me plenty of time for rest! So I spent 6 hours at the checkpoint which included 4 hours of sleep. (I would later find out Jim’s record was 4 days and 18 hours… so had I not broken out my gear and slept there would have been a chance, albeit a slim chance, of getting under Jim’s time if I could maintain an average of 5 mph.) BUT I slept…
Nikolai to the Finish: McGrath
The river route was in so I wouldn’t have to walk the hills of the overland route! The temps were in the mid-upper 20’s, the trail was wide and flat, and skate-skiing was on! With good, unnecessary rest under my belt I took off around 6PM Thursday. Mostly flat, downriver skiing, with the major river meanders shortened via overland trails. Sounds nice, but sometimes the trail went up cut banks which required heaving gear up to the top and climbing a snowy wall in ski boots! Nonetheless it was shorter and easier than any other route (as long as the trail is put in). The trail from Nikolai to McGrath always seems to be one of the consistently better trails, and is really nice to finish the race on- always leaving me in a much better mood than the previous 100 miles!
(NOTE TO SKIERS: The overland route is the shortest, but also the most hilly. There’s a road the last 7 miles, and it may be plowed with a snow surface but it may also only be a single-snowmachine width trail. The river is only slightly longer if the cut-throughs are in, but if they’re not it’s about 12 miles longer than the overland. You never know until you get there- or find out what everyone else experienced at the finish!)
Once seeing McGrath, it’s good to have an idea where the finish is since I’ve never seen a directional sign anywhere for the finish and it’s a mentally tough thing to be in McGrath and be wandering around trying to find the finish… P.S. it’s tucked away on a dead end road along the most western “north/south” road. I arrived at the finish, found out I had the times in my head wrong, and enjoyed some food and rest. Guess there’s always next time! 😉

